[335] As of 2015[update], a large proportion of Hawaii's population have Asian ancestry especially Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. Population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. Koppers considered Oceania to encompass the entire 25,000 islands of the Pacific Ocean. [354][355], New Zealand has a large GDP for its population of 5.2 million, and sources of revenue are spread throughout the large island nation. For example, in the Solomon Islands, English is the official language, but only 1-2% of the population can speak it fluently the majority speak an English creole, Solomons Pijin. In Samoan politics, the Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government. Pop. 37 million. Mailing List - Vedi altro. They further include in this region Salas y Gmez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. Oceania thus has the most to lose, culturally speaking, from the pressures of global political and economic change. This has contributed $1 billion or more to Fiji's economy since 1995, but the Government of Fiji likely underestimates these figures due to the invisible economy inside the tourism industry. New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). [12] Puncak Jaya in Highland Papua, Indonesia, is the highest peak in Oceania at 4,884m (16,024ft). [341] New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade. List of cities in Oceania by population City Country Urban area Sydney Australia 4,914,343 Melbourne Australia 4,893,870 Brisbane Australia 2,430,180. The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains Duarte Barbosa and Joo Serro, then sailed north and caught the trade winds which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. The Australia-New Zealand continental fragment of Gondwana split from the rest of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous time (9590 Ma). [1] Table [ edit] Oceanian population by country (top 8). [123] Cocos Island and Malpelo Island are the only landmasses located on the Cocos Plate, which is to the north of the Nazca Plate. February 21, 2022 by Admin. [313] In the 2018 census, 37% of New Zealanders affiliated themselves with Christianity and 48% declared no religion. Cocos Island and Malpelo Island were not explicitly referenced in the book, despite being areas which would fall within this range. [345], Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of quality of living,[346] making it one of the most livable cities. [124] While not oceanic in nature, Taiwan and Malay archipelago countries like Indonesia and the Philippines share Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins with Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, hence their inclusion in the book. [238] It is almost entirely oceanic crust. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The bulk of the population of Oceania practicesProtestantism (42.7%), followed by Catholicism (24.7%) and otherChristian sects(14.8%). From 1527 to 1595 a number of other large Spanish expeditions crossed the Pacific Ocean, leading to the arrival in Marshall Islands and Palau in the North Pacific, as well as Tuvalu, the Marquesas Islands, the Solomon Islands archipelago, the Cook Islands, and the Admiralty Islands in the South Pacific. Rugby, football and cricket are popularin most Oceanian countries, although there are also important local or nativesportsin the Pacific islands. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. [419] New Zealand yields produce from land and sea most crops and livestock, such as maize, potatoes and pigs, were gradually introduced by the early European settlers. "[106] The Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have oceanic geology, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected. [244] The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were formed c. 7 to 30 million years ago, as shield volcanoes over the same volcanic hotspot that formed the Emperor Seamounts to the north and the Main Hawaiian Islands to the south. New Zealand's 1983 Closer Economic Relations agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with that of Australia. 1. [29] John Eperjesi's 2005 book The Imperialist Imaginary: Visions of Asia and the Pacific in American Culture says that it has "been used by western cartographers since the mid-19th century to give order to the complexities of the Pacific area. "Huna, Max Freedom Long, and the Idealization of William Brigham". [258] The two species of Brighamia B. rockii and B. insignis are represented in the wild by around 120 individual plants. [376][377] There are two major political groups that usually form government, federally and in the states: the Australian Labor Party and the Coalition which is a formal grouping of the Liberal Party and its minor partner, the National Party. International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. The most popular overall sport in Australia is cricket, with their national team having won the Cricket World Cup a record five times. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. Sir Isaac Isaacs was the first Australian-born Governor General of Australia and was the first Jewish vice-regal representative in the British Empire. Taon, Paul S.C. (2001). Sugar exports and the growing tourist industry are the major sources of foreign exchange. [234], Polynesia, stretching from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses Tuvalu, Tokelau, Samoa, Tonga, and the Kermadec Islands to the west, the Cook Islands, Society Islands and Austral Islands in the center, and the Marquesas Islands, the Tuamotus, Mangareva Islands, and Easter Island to the east. English, French, Bislama (Bichelama) plus more than 100 local languages. Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. All summits over 2,900 m are within the Southern Alps, a chain that forms the backbone of the South Island; the highest peak of which is Aoraki / Mount Cook, at 3,754 metres (12,316ft). Urban population has increased from 21,936,910 (70.1%) in 2000 to 31,011,800 (70.5%) in the current year. Tyler additionally profiled the Anson archipelago, which during the 19th century was a designation for a widely scattered group of purported islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean between Japan and Hawaii. According to the Act of Papua Autonomy (Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua) section 2 verse 2, the province itself has its own flag and arms, similar to other provinces. [196], The earliest archaeological traces of civilization have been found on the island of Saipan, dated to 1500 BCE or slightly before. What is the population of USA? Ngerulmud, on Babeldaob Island, is the smallest national capital on earth by population, with only a few hundred people; the name is pronounced en-jer-al-mud; Koror, on Koror Island, . It was politically associated with Australia and Tasmania by 1870. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. Best Countries to Visit in Oceania. | The Interpreter", "Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry", "A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia", "The Historical Development of Christianity in Oceania", "BMR Cruise 107: Seabed Morphology and Offshore Resources around Christmas Island, Indian Ocean", "Conservation values in Commonwealth waters of the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Island remote Australian territories", "Christmas Island Australia's Gem In The Indian Ocean", "Christmas & Cocos Keeling Islands Birding Guide", Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, "Cocos (Keeling) Islands - The World Factbook", "Climate And Seasons Blue Japan en franais", "An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia", "Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout", "Aboriginal Australians descend from the first humans to leave Africa, DNA sequence reveals", "When did Australia's earliest inhabitants arrive? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In this book, he included the Aleutian Islands, the Galpagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Kuril Islands and continental islands off the coast of the Americas such as the Channel Islands, the Farallon Islands and Vancouver Island;[141] all of these islands lie in or close to the Pacific Ring of Fire, as is the case with New Guinea and New Zealand, which were also included. Introduction II. In some islands of Chilean sovereignty, such as Easter Island, Spanish is spoken. [38] The Oxford Handbook of World History (2011) describes the areas encompassed in Oceania as being "afterthoughts in world history texts, lumped together and included at the end of global surveys as areas largely marginal to the main events of world history". Samoan male dances can be more snappy. There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. [204][205], Easter Islanders claimed that a chief Hotu Matua[206] discovered the island in one or two large canoes with his wife and extended family. The Gilbert Islands (now known as Kiribati) and the Ellice Islands (now known as Tuvalu) came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield. With a population of about 32 million, Oceania is a predominantly urban region. [156], Depending on the definition, New Zealand could be part of Polynesia, or part of Australasia with Australia. Asia, with more than 4.6 billion people, has the highest. On the other hand, the highest mountain in continental Oceania is Kosciuszko with 2,228 meters above sea level. It is extremely rare at sea level in the North Island. Corrections? Some of the more well known and distinctive bird species in New Zealand are the kiwi, kea, takah, kakapo, mohua, t, and the bellbird. [104] The Pacific Islands Handbook (1945), by Robert William Robson, stated that, "Pacific Islands generally are regarded as Pacific islands lying within the tropics. The 2011 book Maritime Adaptations of the Pacific, by Richard W. Casteel and Jean-Claude Passeron, states that, "for the purpose of anthropology, Oceania has long been a continent like Africa, Asia and America. In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. [42][43][44] In her 1961 book The United States and the Southwest Pacific, American author Clinton Hartley Grattan commented that, "the use of the word Oceania to cover Australia, New Zealand, and the [Pacific] islands now has a slightly old-fashioned flavor. [67] These tropical islands are situated within the bounds of the Australian Plate and have been geographically associated with Southeast Asia, due to their proximity to western Indonesia. New Caledonia remains an integral part of the French Republic. Oceania (UK: / o s i n i , o i-,- e n-/, US: / o i n i / (), /- n-/) is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. The human group that inhabits the continentis extremely varied in its customs and cultures, exhibiting an interesting diversity despite its very low population density rate. The majority of people living in Australia work in health care, retail and education sectors. "[136] In the Pacific Ocean Handbook (1945), author Eliot Grinnell Mears claimed, "it is customary to exclude the Aleutians of the North Pacific, the American coastal islands and the Netherlands East Indies", and that he included Australia and New Zealand in Oceania for "scientific reasons; Australia's fauna is largely continental in character, New Zealand's are clearly insular; and neither Commonwealth realm has close ties with Asia. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled there over 4,000 years ago. Some experts insist that Oceania encompasses even the cold Aleutian Islands and the islands of Japan. "[38] He did not explicitly label Oceania a continent in the book, but did note that it was one of the six major divisions of the world. Oceania. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. "[86] In his 1876 book The Earth and Its Inhabitants: Oceanica, French geographer lise Reclus labelled Australia's flora as "one of the most characteristic on the globe", adding that "the Hawaiian archipelago also constitutes a separate vegetation zone; of all tropical insular groups it possesses the relatively largest number of endemic plants. "[32] Scottish geographer John Bartholomew wrote in 1873 that, "the New World consists of North America, and the peninsula of South America attached to it. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. The islands are continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, caused by breakup of the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. [189], They reached Tasmania c. 40,000 years ago by migrating across a land bridge from the mainland that existed during the last ice age. "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. Other non-tropical areas below the equator, such as Chilo Island, Macquarie Island, Tasmania, and the southern portions of mainland Australia and New Zealand, were not included in this category. [125][124] Hainan, which neighbors Taiwan, also has Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins, although it was not included in the book. [232][233], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. In the 2013 book The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Paul Bullen critiqued the definition of Oceania in Encyclopedia of Islands, and wrote that since Koppers included areas such as Vancouver Island, it is "not clear what the referents of 'Pacific Region', 'Oceania' or 'Pacific Islands' are." the United States population is equivalent to 4.25% of the total world population. World Population: Total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. 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