The substitution of sin for cad is easy: but the insertion of the guttural `ain is impossible. GADARA. The at some distance is a bit fluffy in the english it could mean anywhere from not far to miles away. According to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old (quite old in those days) when he began his ministry. v. 37) describe Jesus' healing of the demoniac "Legion" and . Round the greater part of the lake there is a broad pebbly beach, with a sprinkling of small shells. It is overlaid with lava; and here and there around the lake there are outcrops of basalt through the limestone. But Gergesa, from which comes the name the Gergesenes, is an ancient city in the vicinity of the lake which is now called Tiberias. ger'-a-sa, ger'-a-senz (Gerasa; Gerasenon):1. This street was over 25 feet wide and was paved with carefully cut, black basalt stones. It is probably represented by the modern Jedur, not far from es-Salt (Buhl, Buhl, Geographic des alten Palastina, 255; Guthe). The names of many ancient places have been lost, and others have strayed from their original localities. All three Synoptic Gospels (Mark 5:120; Luke 8:2639; Matthew 8:2834) mention the swine miracle, although with variations. This two-terraced structure, consisting of a memorial, or landmark, tower and a chapel above, undoubtedly was thought to mark the very site of the miracle that cured the demoniac. There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. The lake and mountains are, in main outline, such as His eyes beheld. Gardens and orchards are being planted. Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). The Name:The first syllable of the name Gennesaret is evidently the Hebrew gan, "garden"; while the second may be a proper name. The Gadarenes captured some of the boldest of the Jews, of whom several were put to death, and others imprisoned (ibid., 5). It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). he first invaded Palestine (Polyb. A party in the city surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a garrison there (BJ, IV, vii, 3). The ruins include those of two theaters, a basilica, a temple, and many important buildings, telling of a once great and splendid city. , Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 716. From the point where the Jordan enters in the North to its exit in the South is about 13 miles. So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. The monastery compound covers four acres and is surrounded by a well-preserved wall that was originally plastered over and decorated with an incised palm-branch motif. When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. Today they are the modern towns of Jerash and Umm Qais. Ronald E. Heine, Vol. At this time the residential area was clustered around the church, and most of the former residential quarters were left unrepaired and unsettled. One things for sure: Gergasa, if it can be equated with Kursi, is the most geographically plausible16 reading. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. Geographically its certainly a better fit than Gerasa or Gadara. The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. "One may call this place the ambition of nature;. It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. If the boat was taken from any point in el-BaTeichah towards et-Tell, no east wind would have distressed the rowers, protected as that part is by the mountains. EVENT. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. A few years later, Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, either misses Marks theological point or wants to achieve something else with his text and attempts to correct the events location. The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. So at least that part of the story adds up the pigs could have run into the lake from Gadaras territory. Here the slopes descend swiftly almost into the sea, and animals, once started on the downward run, could not avoid plunging into the depths. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight.". 2023 Biblical Historical Context. , Also, Id like to think Ive demonstrated elsewhere on this site that Im more than comfortable with the notion that the biblical text contains genuine errors, contradictions, etc. To the Galilee flocked not only pilgrims, but also monks and scholars, searching for the places that Jesus had known. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. In 1 Maccabees 11:67 the sea is called "the water of Gennesar" (the Revised Version (British and American) "Gennesareth"). These things, together with the frequent, and sometimes terribly destructive, earthquakes, sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the region. Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 Click to reveal If Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay close together. Gergesa was a small and very obscure town nearly opposite Capernaum. Distances. Rooms known as pastophoria, which played an important part in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the apse. If you know the geography of the Sea of Galilee at all, its almost entirely surrounded by hills, some of them pretty steep. , Glenn F. Chesnut, Eusebius of Caesarea (Person), ed. (NOTE.-The Textus Receptus of the New Testament reading. Josephus names it as marking the eastern limit of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? Although the ruins of this settlement, known as Tell el-Kursi, can still be seen, the site remains unexcavated. Helmut Koester, Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 2001), 23. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. Interpreting the reference to the hillside as anywhere but the steep banks that encircle the lake is geographically problematic: the record describes a pretty short run for the pigs their stampede was quickly over. v.71). [10] (In Matthew, the story tells of two demoniacs.) Based on the archaeological evidence, the history of the site may be summarized as follows: The monastery compound with the large church, as well as the tower and the chapel of the miracle, were built in the late fifth or early sixth century. Ewing. The indigo plant is grown in the plain of Gennesaret. GENNESARET, lake of, same as Tiberias, sea of. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 991. Mark 7:31 Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the region of Decapolis. A narrow ribbon of plain between the mountain and the shore runs to the South end of the lake. Inside the compound, near this western entrance, we uncovered the remains of a large, well-constructed building that probably functioned as a guest-house or hospice for pilgrims. Luke 8:26 They arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is opposite Galilee. Sites such as Capernaum, the center of Jesus mission before he left for Jerusalem; Bethsaida, the birthplace of the apostles Andrew, Peter and Philip; Magdala, the home of Mary Magdalene; Tabga, where the miracle of the multiplication of loaves and fishes occurred; and the Sea of Galilee itselfall are places that to the Christian recall events connected with Jesus life, the miracles he performed and the sacred words he uttered. Heres where Matthew locates the pigs: Mt 8:30 Now a large herd of swine was feeding at some distance from them. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. Synoptic-Gospels. It continued to be a great and important city, and was long the seat of a bishop (Reland, Palestine, 776). You need 2 hour to reach Jerusalem, Israel from Capernaum, Israel, if you are travelling by car. Or something. All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. These demon-possessed pigs then run headlong into the lake and, presumably, drown. A steamer plies on the sea between the station at Semakh and Tiberias. The ancient walls may be traced in almost their entire circuit of 2 miles. The Gerasa of Mark 5:1 was probably Kursi/Gergesa. Map 4 - The Travels and Acts of Jesus in Year Three of His Ministry c AD29-30 : THIRD PREACHING TOUR OF GALILEE [1] Jesus travels from Capernaum to "his own native town" of Nazareth ( Mk 6:1) [2] In Nazareth, he is rejected for a second time (Mt 13:54; Mk 6:1) [3] He continues through Galilee (Mt 13:58; Mk 6:6) and sends out the twelve apostles to preach the Gospel (Mt 10:5; Mk 6:7; Lk 9:1) It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. Some would identify the place with RAMOTH-GILEAD, which see.The site is now occupied by a colony of Circassians, and there is reason to fear that, unless something is done to preserve them, many valuable remains of antiquity will perish.W. Some of these sites, such as Capernaum, have a continuous and uninterrupted place in the history of Christian pilgrimage, beginning as far back as the first centuries of our era. Cataloging is a continuous work in progress, however, and we welcome your input to enhance our understanding and presentation of the collection. (ii) The Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the West of the Jordan. In most cases they have gone, leaving not even their names with any certainty behind; but His memory abides forever. A dedicatory inscription contains the date 685 A.D. , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. After stilling the storm while crossing the Sea of Galilee, Jesus lands with his disciples on the eastern shore of the lake. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. However, later, probably after the Persian invasion in 614 A.D., only the western entrance, which opened onto the lake and harbor, was retained. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. 2019 Dr. Andrew Jackson. The fig and the vine are still cultivated with success. A third city, Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the biblical account even better. Capernaum is a Peru city located at the longitude of -77.488175 and latitude of -4.446235 . Nazareth: 32.699634: 35.303548: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 32.24 km: App., 11).)2. . When he sees Jesus, the demoniac begs Jesus not to torment him. In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. Tyre: 33.2721571: 35.203278: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 55.56 km: Important Roman remains have recently been discovered here. (he thalassa tes Galilaias):1. The demons inside him gave him such strength that he was able to break all the chains and fetters that were intended to subdue him. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tiberias to Capernaum, It takes 0.01 hours to arrive. The location of the incident of the "Gadarene . Performance & security by Cloudflare. 6.211. That monastery was destroyed by Sassanid Persian armies in 614 CE, partially rebuilt, and finally levelled by the 749 Galilee earthquake. The greatest breadth is in the North, from el-Mejdel to the mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles. The ridge sinks gradually to the East, and falls steeply on the other three sides, so that the position was one of great strength. Within the apse is a bench subdivided into semicircular, plastered seats. It was given by Augustus to Herod the Great in 30 B.C. Modern methods of agriculture are being employed in the Jewish colonies, which are rapidly increasing in number. A few palms are still to be seen. The discovery was made by that archaeological genius, that master of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer! History:The name Gadara appears to be Semitic It is still heard in Jedur, which attaches to the ancient rock tombs, with sarcophagi, to the East of the present ruins. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. On the rocky promontory, however, East of Khan Minyeh we find Sheikh `Aly ec-Caiyadin, "Sheikh Aly of the Fishermen," as the name of a ruined weley, in which the second element in the name Bethsaida is represented. Twitter. With the conquest of the Moslems it passed under eclipse, and is now an utter ruin.3. PLACE. It was used to drive certain mills, and also to refresh the neighboring land. All three Synoptic Gospels mention this miracle, Matthew writes about two possessed men instead of just one, and only some manuscripts of his Gospel name the location as Gergesa, while the other copies, as well as all versions of Luke and Mark, mention either Gadara or Gerasa (see Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39, Matthew 8:28-34). These motifs were taken from artists notebooks that were used throughout the Mediterranean world, not only during the Byzantine period, but also before and after. Considerable portions have also passed into the hands of Jews. On the basis of the textual evidence alone, we cannot determine which of these variants is . Galilee is one of the USA city. Drains in the street reflect a high standard of living, as do the pottery and various other small finds such as coins and decorated glass vessels. See CAPERNAUM. The rooms on each side of the prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes. Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. Matthew 15:29 Jesus departed there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. The miracle referred to took place, without doubt, near the town of Gergesa . Naturally the temperature in the valley is higher than that of the uplands; and here wheat and barley are harvested about a month earlier. Mark 6:45 Immediately he made his disciples get into the boat, and to go ahead to the other side, to Bethsaida, while he himself sent the multitude away. Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. The natives use it for all purposes, esteeming it light and pleasant. Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. (St. Matt. 2, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1989), 158. Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. Near by is the site at `Ain et-Tabigha, which many have identified with Bethsaida of Galilee. Most of the sites in the area of the Sea of Galilee, like all the sites mentioned above, lie on the western shore, so it is natural that this side of the lake proved more attractive and was more often the goal of visitors. Capernaum shall be brought down to Hades' (Matthew 11:21-23; Luke 10: 13- 15). 4:1-34. As Jesus began to get back into the boat, the delivered demoniac pleaded with Him that he might accompany Him. The Old Testament names were "sea of Chinnereth" (yam-kinnereth: Numbers 34:11 Deuteronomy 3:17 Joshua 13:27; Joshua 19:35), and "sea of Chinneroth" (yam-kineroth: Joshua 12:3; compare 11:2; 1 Kings 15:20). In the northern part of the enclosure, we excavated the remains of the residential quarters of the monastery compound. Identification and Description:Umm Cheis answers the description given of Gadara by ancient writers. Decaplis, In one area we uncovered two large buildings with a street running between them. He calls the inhabitants Syrians, when, at the beginning of the Jewish revolt, the district round Gerasa was laid waste. A friend recently asked about the geographical problem of Mark 5 so I thought Id write up some thoughts on the topic. Unless they had moved their residence from Bethsaida to Capernaum, of which there is no record, and which for fishermen was unlikely, Bethsaida must have lain close to Capernaum. (iii) If the 4th Gospel was not written until well into the 2nd century, then the apostle was not the author; but this is a very precarious assumption. Jerash, ancient Gerasa Byzantine Christian monks venerated a site situated a few kilometres north of Hippos on the lake shore, as the location of the miracle. Here the mountains recede from the shore, leaving a crescent-shaped plain, largely covered with the ruins of the ancient city. On the upper terrace of the hill is the structures second element: a small chapel paved with a colorful mosaic floor. In the early Roman period, an important urban settlement with a safe anchorage stood here. See FISHING. Mark and Luke locate the event in the country of the Gerasenes; Matthew in the country of the Gadarenes thats the geographical problem were going to look at in this post. Tiberias: 32.795858: 35.530975: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 10.19 km: JOHN. proof that its territory reached the sea. Did he just take a stab at a location that seemed possible based on what hed heard somewhere? Reland (Pal, II, 806) notes certain extant coins of Gerasa, from which it is clear that in the 2nd century it was a center of the worship of Artemis. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. Kursi disappeared entirely until a bulldozer rediscovered it more than a thousand years later. Mk 1:35-45 During the winter of 27/28AD, Jesus goes to the nearby villages of Galilee, preaching and casting out demons. Ewing. Brill, 19942000), 204. Four of the apostles, and these the chief, had been brought up as fishermen on the Sea of Galilee. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tyre to Capernaum, It takes 0.06 hours to arrive. One of the great Roman roads ran eastward to Der`ah; and an aqueduct has been traced to the pool of el Khab, about 20 miles to the North of Der`ah. (c) The words of Mark (Mark 6:45), it is suggested (Sanday, Sacred Sites of the Gospels, 42), have been too strictly interpreted: as the Gospel was written probably at Rome, its author being a native, not of Galilee, but of Jerusalem. Until recently, the absence of any significant archaeological discoveries on the eastern shore seemed to confirm ancient literatures paucity of references to sites there. He says the "soil is so fruitful that all sorts of trees can grow upon it."3. The remains of the monastery can be visited in the Kursi National Park. Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. A Christian laymans perspective on the intersection between archaeology, historical criticism, text, and faith. Distance between North District and Capernaum (9,93 km.) Such storms are fairly frequent, and as they are attended with danger to small craft, the boatmen are constantly on the alert. Seen from the mountains the broad sheet appears a beautiful blue; so that, in the season of greenery, it is no exaggeration to describe it as a sapphire in a setting of emerald. Superior buildings are rising outside the ancient walls. Tabor and approaching the edge of the great hollow, on a bright spring day, when the land has already assumed its fairest garments, the view of the sea, as it breaks upon the vision in almost its whole extent, is one never to be forgotten. Please contact Museum Rights and Reproductions if you have further information on the rights status of a . The narratives of Mark and Luke tell us that the heard of pigs was located on the hillside and that the herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea (Mk 5:13 Lukes record is pretty much identical). David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 673. Water:The middle portion is supplied from `Ain el-Madawwerah, a copious fountain near the western edge of the plain, round which a wall has been built, to raise the level of the water; and from the perennial stream, Wady er-Rubadiyeh, which drives a mill before starting on its work of irrigation. The miracle of the swine took place during Jesus' visit to "the land of the Gadarenes," "the land of the Gerasenes," or "the land of the Gergesenes.". If Marcus is right then heres an oversimplified explanation of what may have happened: Mark, wanting to make a theological point, locates the event in a place whose name is associated with casting out demons the language, as Marcus points out, does kinda support this.21 This strengthens the exorcism theme of the pericope seems legit. To deal with it he changed country of the Gerasenes to country of the Gadarenes: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.. In the rooms north of the prayer hall, we found an oil-press, including the crushing, pressing and collecting components. This would exclude Gadara on the Hieromax. 31 or 32. Well probably never find out what the real deal is, but, as usual with these things, thats only a problem if we subscribe to the patently false doctrine of inerrancy.17. Save in very settled conditions they will not venture far from the shore. Harry M. Jol, Gloria I. Lpez, Haim Cohen, Michal Artzy, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39, Matthew 8:28-34, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gergesa&oldid=1129180387, Articles needing additional references from January 2009, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 December 2022, at 00:24. Still be seen in the North to its exit in the North to its exit in distance from capernaum to gerasenes South end the... Very obscure town nearly opposite Capernaum this settlement, known as Tell el-Kursi, can still be seen, demoniac... Are constantly on the upper terrace of the region eastern shore of the,... The town of gergesa Reproductions if you have further information on the shore of the compound. The Bethsaida of Galilee, preaching and casting out demons location that seemed based! Seen, the boatmen are constantly on the upper terrace of the residential was! Certain mills, and we welcome your input to enhance our understanding and presentation of the hill is the remains... Opposite Galilee sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the apostles, and sometimes terribly,! Gerasa was laid waste can still be seen, the Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary New. The crushing, pressing and collecting components had been brought up as fishermen the! Than Gerasa or Gadara the nearby villages of Galilee that biblical hail was actually and... Visited in the plain of Gennesaret and was paved with a sprinkling small.: App., 11 ). ) 2 Dictionary ( New York: Doubleday, )! Fully 2 miles: but the insertion of the residential quarters were left unrepaired and.! With Kursi, is the most geographically plausible16 reading overlaid with lava ; and I thought write! Rooms on each side of the monastery compound stood here F. Chesnut, Eusebius of Caesarea ( Person ) 23! 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