Analysis Of William Bryan'S The Cross Of Gold Speech: [Essay Example], 692 words GradesFixer. He then defended the remainder of the platform, though only speaking in general terms. "[56], Vilas quickly lost his audience, which did not want to hear Cleveland defended. The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have permitted him to deliver the keynote address. [8] During the economic chaos of the Panic of 1873, the price of silver dropped significantly, but the Mint would accept none for striking into legal tender. Both of these movements helped to create the People's Party, or the Populist Party, which officially established its party platform in Omaha, Nebraska, on July 4, 1892. Bryan also ran in the years 1900 and 1908 which became failures. Instructors: CLICK HERE to request a free trial account (only available to college instructors) Primary Source Readers Despite vocal opposition led by Tennessee Representative (and future president) Andrew Johnson, the precious metal content of smaller silver coins was reduced in 1853. These cartoons are grouped by the general sentiment they represent about William Jennings Bryan, his political campaigns, and his ambitions. Many in the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not the nation. [54], Senator David B. Hill of New York, a gold supporter, was next. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. TABLE 7 Comparative Analysis of Two Theoretical Explanations of Personality . We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned. [98], After McKinley's inauguration in March 1897, increases in gold availability from new discoveries and improved refining methods led to a considerable increase in the money supply. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. If you want criticisms, read the dissenting opinions of the Court. [34], The Bimetallic Committee carefully planned to take control of every aspect of the convention, eliminating any threat that the minority gold faction could take power. Thus has the contest been waged, and we have assembled here under as binding and solemn instructions as were ever fastened upon the representatives of a people. [103][104], Writer Edgar Lee Masters called the speech, "the beginning of a changed America. The thirty-six-year-old former Congressman from Nebraska aspired to be the Democratic nominee for president, and he had been skillfully, but quietly, building support for himself among the delegates. Political cartoons historically and currently play a significant role in public discourse about serious and important issues. But note the change. [63], I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons. Bound in semi-stiff boards covered in dark green washi paper, wit He cared about politics and his religion equally. They criticize us for our criticism of the Supreme Court of the United States. Bryan had a distinguished and active political career, supporting workers' rights and women's suffrage while opposing monopolies and teaching evolution in schools. [4] When silver prices rose relative to gold as a reaction to the California Gold Rush, silver coinage was worth more than face value, and rapidly flowed overseas for melting. But in this contest, brother has been arrayed against brother, and father against son. Born Mark Elliot Zuckerberg May 14, 1984 (age 38) White Plains, New York, U.S. Education: Harvard University (dropped out) Occupations: Internet entrepreneur, philanthropist. Question 9 30 seconds Q. This was not the case; Bryan was well known as an orator on the tariff and silver questions. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. Mr. McKinley was the most popular man among the Republicans ; and everybody three months ago in the Republican Party prophesied his election. [40], The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary John G. Carlisle, but he withdrew in April, stating that he was more concerned about the platform of the party than who would lead it. McKinley won more easily than in 1896, making inroads in the silver West. We believe it. One after another, state conventions to elect delegates to the national convention in Chicago repudiated an incumbent elected president of their party, who had not declared whether he would be a candidate for renomination. We say to you that you have made too limited in its application the definition of a businessman. What will the decision be today? Not only that, but as he listens he can hear with ever increasing distinctness the sound of the waves as they beat upon the lonely shores of St. Helena. (Wikipedia). People who were free-silver thought that currency reform would end them. William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration was primarily an expression of his (A) fundamentalist religious beliefs (B) neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War (C) advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver (D) opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools (E) anti-imperialist convictions Pro-silver forces, with congressional leaders such as Missouri Representative Richard P. Bland, sought the passage of bills to allow depositors of silver bullion to receive it back in the form of coin. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform which declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it can be changed into bimetallism by international agreement. "[92], When McKinley heard that Bryan was likely to be the nominee, he called the report "rot" and hung up the phone. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. They went away apologetically, not having known Bryan sought the nomination. Document Analysis: "Cross of Gold" In 1896, three years after the "Panic of 1893", a man by the name of William Jennings Bryan delivered one of the most historical speeches to this day. "[92] A farmer in Iowa, in a letter to Bryan, stated, "You are the first big man that i [sic] ever wrote to. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. We do not come as aggressors. [102] Bryan's emphasis on agrarian issues, both in his speech and in his candidacy, may have helped cement voting patterns which kept the Democrats largely out of power until the 1930s. If you will read what Thomas Benton said, you will find that he said that in searching history he could find but one parallel to Andrew Jackson. Sources. When I find a man who is not willing to pay his share of the burden of the government which protects him, I find a man who is unworthy to enjoy the blessings of a government like ours. However, as late as June, the gold forces, which still controlled the Democratic National Committee (DNC), continued to believe that the nominee could be pro-gold. It is true. [97] Although McKinley outpolled him by 600,000votes, Bryan received more votes than any previous presidential candidate. [9], To advocates of what became known as free silver, the 1873 act became known as the "Crime of '73". It was not unconstitutional when it went before the Supreme Court for the first time. As the gold men spoke, Bryan ate a sandwich to settle his stomach; he was often nervous before major speeches. After speeches on the subject by several U.S. More than a century after Bryan delivered that speech, his words still have power, and some of his metaphors still appear in political speeches and platforms. There was loud cheering as Bryan stood there, waiting for his audience to calm. There were a large number of potential candidates seen as having less support; these included Vice President Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, Senator Joseph C. Blackburn of Kentucky, Senator Teller, and Bryan.[43]. Political Cartoon featuring William Jennings Bryan carrying the "Cross of Gold . Trained as a lawyer, Bryan represented the state of Nebraska in the United States Congress, 1891-95. [44] Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 2723 vote; contemporary accounts state he was "somewhat surprised" at the result. According to Barnes: The people of the South and the West had for years been convinced of the enormity of the "crime of 1873", and they had long since come to regard silver as the sword that would cut the Gordian knot of privilege. Nevertheless, he won the nomination without the votes of the gold delegates, most of whom either left the convention or refused to vote. The money went for speakers, pamphlets, and other means of conveying their "sound money" campaign to the voter. "[60] Bensel noted, "The pump was more than primed, it was ready to explode. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. Ah. [54] He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. They could only beg them to spare the party the humiliation of broken traditions and the overthrowing of established control. Much activity took place in advance of the formal opening as the silver and (vastly outnumbered) gold forces prepared their strategies. The 1880s saw a steep decline in the prices of grain and other agricultural commodities. [53] Tillman's speech, scheduled to be the only one in support of silver except Bryan's, was so badly received that Senator Jones, who had not planned to speak, gave a brief address asserting that silver was a national issue. He did for Rome what Jackson did when he destroyed the bank conspiracy and saved America. I deny it. Bryan continued with language evoking the Civil War, telling his audience that "in this contest brother has been arrayed against brother, father against son. [93] The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. Pledging support for American workers, he sought high tariffs to make foreign manufactured goods unattractive and he supported the gold standard. "[91] Bryan's words gave rise to later economic and political philosophies, including Huey Long's 1930s Share Our Wealth program, with its trigger phrase, "Every Man a King" inspired by Bryan's speech. Bryan traveled 18,000 miles by train to give over 600 speeches (36 in one day) to about five million people. [7], The Coinage Act of 1873 eliminated the standard silver dollar. Full text and audio version of "Cross of Gold" at History Matters. The audio portion is an excerpt. We do not come as individuals. Updates? [63] Two alert police officers had joined Bryan as he left the podium, anticipating the crush. Cross of Gold Speech - Analysis | Milestone Documents - Milestone Documents William Jennings Bryan: "Cross of Gold" Speech Log in to see the full document and commentary. Conditions have arisen and we are attempting to meet those conditions. He mocked McKinley, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. If the gold standard, and I might call your attention to the fact that some of the very people who are in this convention today and who tell you that we ought to declare in favor of international bimetallism and thereby declare that the gold standard is wrong and that the principles of bimetallism are betterthese very people four months ago were open and avowed advocates of the gold standard and telling us that we could not legislate two metals together even with all the world. The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. On the fifth ballot, the Illinois delegation, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: fishpicnictrogir.com, +385958056096 Three island tour from Trogir & Split, Fish picnic Trogir - One day trip from Trogir or Split, Blue Lagoon, olta, Private tours Corrections? We are prepared to meet them on either issue or on both. . [59] According to political scientist Richard F. Bensel in his study of the 1896 Democratic convention, "Although the silver men knew they would win this fight, they nonetheless needed someone to tell themand the gold menwhy they must enshrine silver at the heart of the platform. The humblest citizen in all the land, when clad in the armor of a righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error. He was known for his deeply held religious beliefs and his popular touch, which earned him the moniker "the Great Commoner." However, he lost the general election to William McKinley, and the United States formally adopted the gold standard in 1900. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. His sympathetic comparison contrasted the hardworking farmer with the city businessman, whom Bryan cast as a gambler. [84][85] On the second ballot, Bryan still stood second, but had gained as other candidates had fallen away. [49][50], Delegates, as they waited for the committees to complete their work, spent much of the first two days listening to various orators. In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. Hamilton proposed a monetary system based on bimetallism, in which the new currency would be equal to a given amount of gold, or a larger amount of silver; at the time a given weight of gold was worth about 15 times as much as the same amount of silver. He then lowered them, descended from the podium, and began to head back to his seat as the stillness held. His opponent, William Jennings Bryan (who Littlefield suggested was represented by the cowardly lion in The Wizard of Oz) was famous for his "Cross of Gold" speech. Once the convention came to order, Arkansas Senator James K. Jones, chair of the Committee on Resolutions, read the proposed platform to cheers by many delegates; the reading of the pro-gold minority report attracted less applause. Historian James A. Barnes, in his historical journal article pointing out myths that have arisen about Bryan's candidacy and campaign, stated that Bryan's efforts bore fruit even before the convention: By April, 1896, many individuals were quietly working for Bryan's nomination. I am in favor of an income tax. [1], Bryan later described the silence as "really painful" and momentarily thought he had failed. It showed American support for european economic interests in East Africa. It was not in any concerted or open action, however, that Bryan had his strength; it was in the friendly predisposition of the mass of the delegates that he had hopes.[30]. We say in our platform that we believe that the right to coin money and issue money is a function of government. A. Bryan, who remained at his hotel, sent word to the Nebraska delegation to make no deals on his behalf. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. [18], Despite the repeal of the act, economic conditions failed to improve. Our ancestors, when but three millions in number, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation; shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to seventy millions, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? Bryan wanted the United States to use silver to back . Bryan is arguing against the gold standard and so he isn't apt to paint gold in those idyllic terms. [38] On the evening of July 5, Bryan was visited by a delegation of Coloradans, seeking his support for Senator Teller. It also repealed the statutory provisions allowing silver bullion to be presented to the Mint and returned in the form of circulating money. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform that declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it should be changed into bimetallism by an international agreement. The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. Reprinted in The Annals of America, Vol. Mark Zuckerberg - Zuckerberg in April 2019. The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. [65] Bryan then recounted the history of the silver movement; the audience, which had loudly demonstrated its approval of his opening statements, quieted. No, my friends, it will never be the judgment of this people. It was clear to listeners as he worked his way through the comparisons that he would refer to the farmer, and when he did, the hall exploded with sound. Although Bryan ran again on a silver platform in the 1900 presidential election, the issue failed to produce the same resonance with the voters. The speech was given at the Democratic National Convention, so the audience was pledged delegates from the 50 states of the US so that . "[61] Bryan would say little that he had not said beforethe text is similar to that of a speech he had given the previous week at Crete, Nebraska[62]but he would give the convention its voice. Why doesnt he tell us what he is going to do if they fail to secure an international agreement. [97] Bryan won the South and most of the West, but McKinley's victories in the more populous Northeast and Midwest carried him to the presidency. I shall not slander the fair state of Massachusetts nor the state of New York by saying that when citizens are confronted with the proposition, Is this nation able to attend to its own business?I will not slander either one by saying that the people of those states will declare our helpless impotency as a nation to attend to our own business. I had never had such an opportunity before in my life and never expect to have again. If they ask us why we did not embody all these things in our platform which we believe, we reply to them that when we have restored the money of the Constitution, all other necessary reforms will be possible, and that until that is done there is no reform that can be accomplished. The 1896 Democratic National Convention followed events unique in post-Civil War American history. Let me assure him that not one person in all this convention entertains the least hostility to the people of the state of Massachusetts. . Source: Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention Held in Chicago, Illinois, July 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1896, (Logansport, Indiana, 1896), 226234. [79] Others took up the standards with the state names on them with each delegation, and planted them by Nebraska's. The humblest citizen in all the land when clad in the armor of a righteous cause is stronger than all the whole hosts of error that they can bring. "[80], It took about 25minutes to restore order, and according to Bensel, "somewhere in the mass demonstration that was convulsing the convention hall, the transfer of sentiment from silver as a policy to Bryan as a presidential candidate took place". They called for the return to pre-1873 laws, which would require the Mint to take all the silver offered it and return it, struck into silver dollars. Mr. [75] The lengthy passage as he discussed the platform and the Republicans helped calm the audience, ensuring he would be heard as he reached his peroration. Unfortunately, no recordings exist of his original speech. Gold Democrats were successful in a few states in the Northeast, but had little luck elsewhere. American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. For twenty years, Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation's monetary standard. The gentleman from Wisconsin has said he fears a Robespierre. He was defeated in the general election by the Republican candidate, former Ohio governor William McKinley . 12, 18951904: Populism, Imperialism, and Reform (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1968), 100105. i. From the beginning of the speech, Bryan suggests that his cause is righteous and. Many Republicans in the western states, dismayed by the strong allegiance of eastern Republicans to the gold standard, considered forming their own party. Lafayette, CA: d press, 1995. My friends, we have made no criticism. [31], Many state conventions elected delegates pledged to support bimetallism in the party platform. A cartoon from the magazine "Judge" criticizing William Jennings Bryan for his "Cross of Gold" speech. Our silver Democrats went forth from victory unto victory, until they are assembled now, not to discuss, not to debate, but to enter up the judgment rendered by the plain people of this country. What we oppose in that plank is the life tenure that is being built up in Washington which establishes an office-holding class and excludes from participation in the benefits the humbler members of our society. Vilas gave a lengthy defense of the Cleveland administration's policies, so long that Russell, fearing that Vilas' speech would cut into his time, asked that the time given to the gold proponents be extended by ten minutes. The income tax is a just law. It revealed that the U.S. had become a world power. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. [1][78], Now, Bryan was ready to conclude the speech, and according to his biographer, Michael Kazin, step "into the headlines of American history". At the time, Bryan was a former member of Congress from Nebraska who had been working tirelessly to build support for his candidacy. However, Bryan, lacking a seat at the start of the convention, could not be elected temporary chairman. The person who gave the Cross of Gold speech was the orator and politician William Jennings Bryan. (The cartoon appeared in the post-dated July 7 issue of Harper's Weekly, published in late June.) Critics contended that the inflation which would follow the introduction of such a policy would harm workers, whose wages would not rise as fast as prices would, and the operation of Gresham's law would drive gold from circulation, effectively placing the United States on a silver standard. Although Bryan had decided on a strategy to gain the nominationto give a speech which would make him the logical candidate in the eyes of delegateshe faced obstacles along the way. The late 19th century saw divergent views in economics as the laissez-faire orthodoxy was questioned by younger economists, and both sides found ample support for their views from theorists. The gold standard, which the United States had effectively been on since 1873, limited the money supply but eased trade with other nations, such as the United Kingdom, whose currency was also based on gold. Can you find the other strategies in his speech? [37] He arrived convinced that he would win the nomination. [90], The Pullman Company offered Bryan a private car for his trip home; he declined, not wishing to accept corporate favors. He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . Our website may have some collections that include images that are in the public domain, not protected by copyright or where the copyright ownership is unknown. If they ask us here why it is we say more on the money question than we say upon the tariff question, I reply that if protection has slain its thousands the gold standard has slain its tens of thousands. Silver producers complained, and many Americans came to believe that only through bimetallism could the nation achieve and maintain prosperity. The gentleman who just preceded me [Governor Russell] spoke of the old state of Massachusetts. The image that is selected for the analysis is from the pre-1856 epoch of US history, and it represents the imagination of the political and social life as it was imagined by artists. They can find where the holders of fixed investments have. If they say bimetallism is good but we cannot have it till some nation helps us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we shall restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States have. [28], Bryan believed that he could, if nominated, unite the disaffected behind a strong silver campaign. On the 4th of March, 1895, a few Democrats, most of them members of Congress, issued an address to the Democrats of the nation asserting that the money question was the paramount issue of the hour; asserting also the right of a majority of the Democratic Party to control the position of the party on this paramount issue; concluding with the request that all believers in free coinage of silver in the Democratic Party should organize and take charge of and control the policy of the Democratic Party. They went away apologetically, not having known Bryan sought the nomination wit he cared about politics his! 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